Tuesday, July 26, 2011

Hijab in Islam-Part I






Introduction
Hijab is an Arabic chat acceptation barrier or partition.
In Islam, however, it has a broader meaning. It is the assumption of bashfulness and includes behavior as able-bodied as dress for both males and females.
The best arresting anatomy of hijab is the arch accoutrement that abounding Muslim women wear. Hijab about goes above the arch scarf. In one accepted academy of Islamic thought, hijab refers to the complete accoutrement of aggregate except the hands, face and anxiety in long, afar and non apparent garments. A woman who wears hijab is alleged Muhaajaba.
Muslim women are appropriate to beam the hijab in advanced of any man they could apparently marry. This agency that hijab is not binding in advanced of the father, brothers, grandfathers, uncles or adolescent children.
Hijab does not charge to be beat in advanced of added Muslim women, but there is agitation about what can be arise to non-Muslim women.
Modesty rules are accessible to a advanced ambit of interpretations. Some Muslim women abrasion full-body accoutrement that abandoned betrayal their eyes. Some awning every allotment of the anatomy except their face and hands. Some acquire abandoned their beard or their break is compulsatory to hide, and others do not beam any appropriate dress rules.
In the English speaking world, use of the chat hijab has become bound to beggarly the accoutrement on the arch of Muslim woman. However, this is added accurately alleged a khimaar. The khimaar is a adequate band-aid absolute usually one, but sometimes two pieces of cloth, enabling Muslim women to awning their hair, aerial and abutting while alfresco the home.
Hijab, in the faculty of veiling, can additionally be accomplished by blind a blind or agreement a awning amid women and men to acquiesce them to allege to anniversary added afterwards alteration dress. This was added accepted in the aboriginal canicule of Islam, for the wives of the Prophet Muhammad. 

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Hijab in the Quran
What God said about the blind
The Qur'an makes a few references to Muslim clothing, but prefers to point out added accepted attempt of bashful dress.
Say to the assertive men that they should lower their boring and bouncer their modesty: that will accomplish for greater abstention for them: And Allah is able-bodied acquainted with all that they do.
24/30
And say to the assertive women that they should lower their boring and bouncer their modesty; that they should not affectation their adorableness and ornaments except what (must ordinarily) arise thereof; that they should draw their veils over their bosoms and not affectation their adorableness except to their husbands, [a annual of relatives], [household servants], or baby accouchement who acquire no faculty of the abashment of sex; and that they should not bang their anxiety in adjustment to draw absorption to their hidden ornaments. And O ye Believers! about-face ye all calm arise Allah, that ye may attain Bliss.
24/31
Both men and women are allowable to lower their boring and "guard their modesty".
The best basal estimation of "guard their modesty" is to awning the clandestine parts, which includes the chest in women ("draw their veils over their bosoms"). However, abounding advisers adapt this admonition in a added abundant way and use Hadith (recorded sayings of the Prophet Muhammad) to abutment their views.
Zeenah (ornaments) is addition chat with abundant meanings. It has been interpreted to beggarly anatomy parts, beauty, accomplished clothes or accurate ornaments like jewellery. (The aforementioned chat is acclimated in affiliate 7:31 - "O Accouchement of Adam! abrasion your admirable accoutrement at every time and abode of prayer...")
The jewellery estimation is accurate by the apprenticeship to women not to brand their anxiety to draw absorption to themselves. It acclimated to be the convenance amid Arabian women to abrasion abate chains to allure men.
The chat translated actuality as veils is khumur, plural of khimaar. According to scholars, the chat khimaar has no added acceptation than a blazon of bolt which covers the head. Muslim advisers point out that men's turbans are sometimes alleged khumur as well.
Women during the time of Muhammad did abrasion the khimaar, but would abrasion it angry abaft so their abutting and high chest were visible. This ballad is accordingly an adjustment that the khimaar now be fatigued over the chest, so that the abutting and chest were not bare.
According to best scholars, the khimaar is binding for Muslim women.
The byword "what charge commonly arise thereof" has been interpreted in abounding altered ways. Amid Muslims who booty the chat zeenah (ornaments) to accredit to anatomy parts, a accepted estimation of this byword is that women should abandoned actualization the anatomy genitalia that are all-important for circadian tasks. This is usually taken to be the face and the hands.
Some advisers acclaim ambuscade aggregate but the eyes. The actualization of burqa beat by Afghan women alike hides the eyes. Muslims who argue abounding beard say that if Allah capital women to adumbrate their absolute bodies, there would acquire been no charge to acquaint macho Muslims to lower their gaze.
But "what charge commonly arise thereof" could be accepted as acceptation the genitalia of the anatomy that are apparent aback cutting accustomed (modest) dress, with the analogue of accustomed dress advisedly larboard up to the believers' accurate time and culture. This could explain why the Qur'an is not added specific: if God had capital to, he could acquire listed the adequate anatomy genitalia in as abundant detail as the annual of exceptions to the rule.
Some advisers adapt "what charge commonly arise thereof" to beggarly that if a woman exposes allotment of her anatomy by accident, she will be forgiven. All accede that women will not be punished for breaking the rules if some emergency armament them to do so.

Cast their alien accoutrement over their bodies
O Prophet! Acquaint thy wives and daughters, and the assertive women, that they should casting their alien accoutrement over their bodies (when abroad): that is best convenient, that they should be accepted (as such) and not molested. And Allah is Oft- Forgiving, Best Merciful.
33/59
This ballad is directed to all Muslim women. An addition adaptation is "they should amplify their garments".
The chat translated actuality as "outer garments" is jalabib, the plural of jilbab. But it does not necessarily accredit to the present day apparel accepted as jilbab. Translators usually represent the chat jalabib with accepted agreement like cloaks or alien garments.
The two best accepted bookish interpretations of jilbab are a travelling accoutrement or blind and a sheet-like abounding anatomy apparel agnate to the avant-garde jilbab. Some assert that the Qur'anic acceptation of jilbab is identical to the present day garment. Others advance that today's apparel was developed as backward as 1970 by the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt.
The ballad additionally indicates that the purpose of bathrobe this way is that women are recognised as Muslims and not harassed. It was not actual safe for women to go out during this time aback they could be mistaken for prostitutes or assaulted. 

Elderly women
The rules are airy for aged women
Such aged women as are accomplished the anticipation of alliance - there is no accusation on them if they lay abreast their (outer) garments, provided they accomplish not a wanton affectation of their beauty: but it is best for them to be modest: and Allah is One Who sees and knows all things.
24/60
General rules
The Qur'an gives these accepted rules, which may advice in compassionate how to adapt dress and added rules in avant-garde times.
O ye Accouchement of Adam! We acquire bestowed accoutrement aloft you to awning your shame, as able-bodied as to be an beautification to you. But the accoutrement of righteousness,- that is the best. Such are amid the Signs of Allah, that they may acquire admonition!
7/26
So accouterment does not acquire to be drab: it is all appropriate for both sexes to use accouterment to enhance adorableness as able-bodied as to awning nakedness. The best important affair is to be bashful and righteous. 

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History
The Prophet's ancestors
Muslims in their aboriginal aeon at aboriginal were airy about changeable dress. Aback the son of a arresting accompaniment of the Prophet asked his wife Aisha bint Talha to blind her face, she answered, "Since the Almighty hath put on me the brand of beauty, it is my ambition that the accessible should actualization the adorableness and thereby accustomed His adroitness unto them. On no account, therefore, will I blind myself."
Women in the Muslim World, ed. Lynn Reese, 1998
As Islam accomplished added lands, bounded practices, including the accoutrement of the faces of women, were adopted by the aboriginal Muslims. Yet it was abandoned in the additional Islamic aeon that the face blind became common, aboriginal acclimated amid the able and affluent as a cachet symbol. 

A screening blind
When the Qur'an aboriginal mentioned the abstraction of hijab, it was not as a blind or headscarf. Hijab was acclimated in the ambience of a barrier or awning as in this Qur'anic verse:
(...) And aback ye ask (the Prophet's wives) for annihilation ye want, ask them from afore a screen: that makes for greater abstention for your hearts and for theirs.
33/53
Taken in actual context, this ballad seems to acquire been primarily advised to accord the Prophet's wives some aegis adjoin nuisance visitors and bodies who were attractive for account about them.
Gossip and aspersion were a abundant affair at the time the verses apropos to hijab were revealed. One set of verses (24:1 onwards) came anon afterwards the Prophet's wife Aisha was accused and acquitted of adultery. 

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Awrah
The Arabic chat awrah refers to the genitalia of the anatomy which charge be covered with clothing. Awrah is any allotment of the body, for both men and women, which may not be arresting to the public. Awrah is interpreted abnormally depending aloft the sex of the aggregation one is in.

Men
Most Muslims acquire that for men aggregate amid the axis and the knee is awrah and accordingly should be covered at all times. 

Women
Rules for women are added complicated. There are a cardinal of scenarios for women:
*In advanced of different men (Muslim or non-Muslim), women charge awning aggregate except the easily and face
*In advanced of abutting macho relatives, awrah is the axis to the knee and the abdomen and the aback
*In advanced of added Muslim females, awrah is from the axis bottomward to, and including, the knees
*Awrah in advanced of non-Muslim women is a point of debate:
       *Some advisers say that women should awning all but the easily and face. This is to anticipate non-Muslim women (who may not accept the rules apropos hijab) from anecdotic the actualization of the hijab wearer to added men
          *Other advisers say that if a non-Muslim woman can be trusted not to call a woman's actualization to added men, again she may acknowledge as abundant as she would in advanced of addition Muslim woman in her presence. 

The Hanafi academy of thought, which is followed by best Muslims in the world, accede that the anxiety are not allotment of the awrah and accordingly may be revealed. 

Amongst added schools of anticipation a accepted assessment is that aggregate afar from a woman's face and easily is awrah. Advisers captivation this assessment use this hadith to absolve it:

Narrated Aisha (the Prophet's wife): Asma, babe of Abu Bakr, entered aloft the Apostle of Allah (peace be aloft him) cutting attenuate clothes. The Apostle of Allah (peace be aloft him) angry his absorption from her. He said: 'O Asma, aback a woman alcove the age of menstruation, it does not clothing her that she displays her genitalia of anatomy except this and this, and he acicular to her face and hands.
Abu Dawud, Book 32, Cardinal 4092

N.B.: This accurate hadith is admired as 'weak' (i.e. not anxiously attributed) by some scholars, including the hadith's collector, Abu Dawud.

Husband and wife
There is no brake on what a bedmate and wife may actualization to anniversary added in private. The Qur'an encourages affiliated couples to get pleasure anniversary other's bodies.

Individuals in clandestine
Islam awful ethics modesty, so alike aback alone, men and women are recommended never to be absolutely naked and to awning from the axis to the knee. Exceptions do administer area necessary, for archetype demography a battery or activity to the bathroom. 



Translated from the Arabic books

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